Ad

Showing posts with label Technology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Technology. Show all posts

Effect of Artificial Intelligence in Education



Programs and gadgets with artificial intelligence capabilities are able to comprehend and mimic natural language, solve issues, make judgments, and learn from unorganized data. The education industry is one of the many fields that artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming. The way we study, teach, and run educational institutions is being revolutionized by AI.

With its many advantages, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being incorporated into educational systems as a means of revolutionizing conventional teaching and learning approaches.

With AI, every learning experience can be customized to meet the needs of a range of pupils, something that traditional classroom environments frequently find difficult to maintain. The future of education seems bright, as new types of AI and technology developments continue to progress at an accelerated rate.

Students stand to gain from AI in a variety of ways as it continues to transform education. Education gets increasingly customized to meet the needs of each individual student and advances at an intensity that suits them. In order to help students focus their efforts where they are most required, AI can give them immediate feedback that helps them identify their strengths as well as their limitations.


Systems for Intelligent Tutoring

These tools are able to recognize when a student is having difficulty understanding a concept and can offer more clarifications as well as practice challenges. The way instructors assess student achievement has changed due to the advent of tools. Automatic grading systems can evaluate homework, tests, and quizzes fast and precisely.

Improving the Level of Accessibility

Through its ability to serve students with disabilities, artificial intelligence technologies improve accessibility in education. Students with hearing or vision impairments, for instance, can access instructional information with the use of speech-to-text and text-to-speech apps. With the support of chatbots, AI tutors, and digital assistants, students can get guidance right away, round-the-clock. This degree of accessibility is particularly beneficial for distant and remote learners who need adaptable learning opportunities.

Task Automation for Administration

Teachers will be empowered by AI, not replaced by it. Because AI can automate processes like scheduling, grading, and student data management, it can drastically lessen the administrative load on instructors. By recommending materials, exercises, and tactics depending on the needs of each individual student, AI can also assist teachers with lesson planning.

Future Expectations

Exciting opportunities lie ahead for AI in education. By offering ongoing and adaptable learning routes customized to people' career and personal development, AI has the potential to support forever learning.

            As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies advance, their penetration into the educational system is expected to increase, opening the door for more creative and efficient approaches to teaching and learning. The personalised educational experiences, organizational job automation, accessibility enhancements, and data-driven insights that artificial intelligence offers are revolutionizing the modern educational landscape.




How To Handle Constitutional Issues In The Digital Age

With the speed at which technology is developing in the twenty first century, constitutional framework are facing hitherto unheard-of-difficulties. The growing interconnectedness of civilizations has made discussions of constitutional law increasingly focused on concerns pertaining to free speech, privacy and political power in the digital sphere.



Due to widespread use, the lines separating the public and private domains have become less distinct. Considerable personal data is accessed by corporations and governments, which raise privacy rights issues. Examine the most current legal disputes and legislative actions taken to protect people's right to privacy in the digital sphere.

Internet usage has made it possible for people to express themselves globally, but it also makes it harder to maintain the balance between preventing the spread of harmful content and promoting free speech. Consider the approaches used by democracies based on the constitution to balance protecting fundamental rights with the need for internet regulation.

Today's cyberthreats require governments to  boister their digital defenses, often the cost of individual privacy. Evaluate the constitutional  implications of government surveillance programs and the delicate balance that needs to be struck between preserving civil liberties and ensuring national security.

Analyze how social media affects democratic processes. To protect the integrity of democratic systems, examine cases of disinformation, election meddling, and the role that constitutional safeguards play in resolving these issues.

Examine how differences in access to technology give rise to constitutional issues as societies depend more and more on digital platforms for services and communication. Talk about initiatives aimed at bridging the digital divide and guaranteeing fair access to justice in digital era.

Constitutional frameworks need to change as we forge ahead in the digital age to protect fundamental rights and address new issues. Legislators, jurists, and citizens all find it difficult to strike the correct balance between constitutional principles and technological innovation. The future of individual liberties and government in our globalized society will be shaped by the way constitutional law develops in the digital age.

Next| Education And Technology


Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Daily Life

Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced significantly in recent years and will have a significant impact on our future. It can fix the some of the most important issues facing the globe and significantly enhance our quality of life.


The capacity of a computer or computer controlled robot to carry out actions typically associated with intelligent beings is known as artificial intelligence (AI).

These past few years have seen incredible advancements in artificial intelligence. The power of AI to analyze large volumes of data, spot patterns, and make decisions is derived from machine learning and deep learning algorithms. AI systems, such as natural language processing, are getting better at making and understanding words that humans use.

Our everyday lives are already impacted by AI. AI is used by virtual assistants such as Google assistance and alexa to comprehend and react to our command by voice.

Many industries are being disrupted by AI. AI is helping in healthcare to diagnose conditions, recommend course of action, and even support medical procedures. AI used in the finance industry for algorithmic trading and fraud detection. High-tech AI systems are being used to develop self driving automobiles.

AI is transforming the manpower market. Automating routine tasks could result in the loss of jobs in some places. But AI also opens up new career paths in areas like data science and AI ethics, emphisizing the need for workers to be retained and upgraded.

AI is enabling personalized learning in the field of education. The learning system is being improved by AI powered educational resources and adaptive tutoring system. AI can assist in the determining the strengths and weakness of students, resulting in more efficient instruction.

AI has both great opportunities and difficult challenges ahead of it. It is essential to embrace AI while keeping ethics and responsible development in mind. This technology has the potential to improve our lives. The next few years will determine the direction of human progress based on how society handles the AI era.

Also Read| 1951 से अबतक बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री


Aadhar PVC Card Kaise Banaye Online| आधार पी वी सी कार्ड कैसे बनायें आनलाईन




पैन कार्ड या ए टी एम कार्ड पी वी सी (पॉलीविनाइल क्लोराइड) प्लास्टिक से बने होते हैं जो आसानी से क्षतिग्रस्त नहीं होते हैं।लेकिन वोटर आईडी कार्ड, आधार कार्ड कागज आधारित कार्ड होते हैं जो आसानी से क्षतिग्रस्त हो जाते हैं।

आधार नामांकन के समय कागज आधारित कार्ड दिया जाता है जो कमजोर और क्षतिग्रस्त हो जाते हैं लेकिन अब पी वी सी प्लास्टिक से बने आधार कार्ड 50 रुपये सामान्य फीस देकर आनलाईन आवेदन कर घर बैठे प्राप्त कर सकते है।

आधार पी वी सी कार्ड प्राप्त करने के लिये अपने मोबाईल या कम्प्यूटर के ब्राउज़र से यूआइडीएआइ के आधिकारिक वेबसाईट www.uidai.gov.in को खोले या लिंक https://myaadhar.uidai.gov.in/genricPVC पर क्लिक करें। यूआइडीएआइ के आधिकारिक वेबसाईट खोलने के बाद सर्वप्रथम भाषा का चयन करें।


भाषा का चयन करने के बाद "आर्डर आधार पीवीसी कार्ड" पर क्लिक करें।

"आर्डर आधार पीवीसी कार्ड" पर क्लिक करने के बाद नया पेज ओपेन होगा जिसमें रेजिस्ट्रड मोबाईल नम्बर से लागिन करने का आप्शन आयेगा। लागिन करना आवश्यक नहीं है। उसी पेज में नीचे पुनः "Order Aadhar PVC Card" का आप्शन आयेगा पर क्लिक करें। (आप चाहें तो लाल रंग में लिखे गये शब्द पर क्लिक कर सकते हैं)



Order Aadhar PVC Card पर क्लिक करेंगे तो एक नया पेज खुलेगा 

'Enter Aadhar Number' के कालम में अपना आधार नम्बर डाले, उसके बाद नीचे कैप्चा कोड डाले, कैप्चा कोड डालने के बाद नीचे 'My mobile no is not registered' पर tick करें तत्पश्चात ओटीपी के लिये अपना मोबाइल नम्बर डाले और 'send otp' पर क्लिक करें। ओटीपी डालकर 'term and condition' पर tick और सबमिट करें। सबमिट करने के बाद पेमेंट का आप्शन आयेगा।


'I hereby confirm...' पर टिक करें एवं 'make payment' पर क्लिक कर पेमेंट कर दे। पावती को डाउनलोड कर रख लें। आधार पीवीसी कार्ड आधार में दर्ज पता पर यूआइडीएआइ द्वारा By Post भेजा जाता है।

यदि आधार के साथ मोबाइल नम्बर रेजिस्ट्रड हो तो uidai के होमपेज खुलने के बाद भाषा का चयन कर 'order aadhar pvc card' पर क्लिक करें। उसके बाद Login का आप्शन आयेगा, Login कर इसी तरह से आधार पीवीसी कार्ड के लिये Apply किया जा सकता है।



इस तरह घर बैठे आसानी से आधार पीवीसी कार्ड के लिये आनलाईन Apply किया जा सकता है और प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।

यह भी पढ़ें| जंक फूड से बच्चों के स्वास्थ्य पर प्रभाव


Character Certificate Apply | Character Certificate के लिये Apply कैसे करे

Character certificate (चरित्र/आचरण प्रमाण पत्र) बनाने के लिये अब कार्यालय का चक्कर लगाने की आवश्यकता नहीं, आप घर बैठे अपने मोबाईल या कम्प्यूटर से आनलाईन आवेदन कर सकते और प्रमाण पत्र प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।

आनलाईन आवेदन की प्रक्रिया बहुत आसान है। बिहार के लोक सेवक पार्टल पर आनलाईन आवेदन किया जा सकता है।

https://serviceonline.bihar.gov.in पर आवेदन कर चरित्र प्रमाण पत्र प्राप्त कर सकते है।

आवेदन के लिये अपने मोबाईल/कम्प्यूटर के browser पर https://serviceonline.bihar.gov.in टाइप कर पार्टल खोले। पार्टल open होने के बाद चरित्र प्रमाण पत्र के लिये आवेदन करने के लिये " लोक सेवाओं का अधिकार की सेवाएं" में "गृह विभाग" पर क्लिक करें।


"गृह विभाग" पर क्लिक करने पर "आचरण प्रमाण पत्र के लिये आवेदन" पर क्लिक करे। क्लिक करने पर आवेदन के लिये पेज open होगा जिसमें आवेदक द्वारा फार्म में मांगे गये सभी जानकारी को भरना है एवं आवेदक को अपना फोटो अपलोड करना है। आवेदन के उद्देश्य में से किसी एक उद्देश्य में क्लिक करें।


"पिछले दो वर्षों में अधिवास का विवरण" में पिछले दो वर्ष में जिस स्थान पर रह रहे थे उसकी विवरणी को भरें एवं कैपचा कोड को भरकर सबमिट पर क्लिक करें।


सबमिट पर क्लिक करने पर आवेदक द्वारा भरे गये विवरणी पेज खुलेगा, सभी विवरणी पुनः जांच लें, विवरणी सही होने पर पेज में नीचे "Attach Annexure" का option होगा पर क्लिक करें।

"Attach Annexure पर क्लिक करने पर फिर से नया पेजा खुलेगा जिसमें आधार कार्ड को अपलोड कर पहले Save पर क्लिक करें एवं उसके बाद सबमिट पर क्लिक करें। पावती को डाउनलोड कर सुरक्षित रख लें।

इस तरह आचरण प्रमाण पत्र के लिये आनलाईन आवेदन किया जा सकता है एवं प्रमाण पत्र प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।

Read More| अनुमंडल स्तर से निवास प्रमाण पत्र प्राप्त करने के लिये आनलाइन आवेदन कैसे करें।



Residence(आवासीय) Certificate Online Anumandal se Kaise Banaye

Read- कटिहार जिला में कुल कितने पंचायत है, सभी पंचायतों के नाम।


बिहार सरकार द्वारा जाति, आय, आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र बनाने के लिये आनलाईन सुविधा प्रदान किया गया। अब घर बैठे ही अंचल (C.O) एवं अनुमंडल (S.D.O) स्तर से जाति, आय, आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र बनाने के लिये आनलाईन आवेदन कर सकते हैं एवं प्रमाण पत्र प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।

"अनुमंडल (S.D.O) स्तर से जाति, आवासीय, आय प्रमाण पत्र कैसे बनायें"

अनुमंडल स्तर से जाति, आय, आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र बनाने के लिये पहले अंचल स्तर से जाति, आय, आवासीय प्रमाण बना हुआ होना चाहिए।

अनुमंडल (S.D.O) स्तर से आवासीय (जाति,आय) प्रमाण पत्र के बनाने के लिये अपने मोबाइल या कम्प्यूटर के सर्च इंजन पर https://serviceonline.bihar.gov.inटाइप करे या दिये गये लिंक पर क्लिक करें। लिंक पर क्लिक करने पर आनलाईन आवेदन हेतु पोर्टल खुल जायेगा। पोर्टल में नीचे जाने पर 'लोक सेवाओं का अधिकार की सेवाएं' का option मिलेगा। जिसमें 'सामान्य प्रशासन विभाग' पर क्लिक करें।


सामान्य प्रशासन विभाग पर क्लिक करने पर जाति, आवासीय, एवं आय प्रमाण का निर्गमन का option मिलेगा। आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र बनाने के लिये 'आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र का निर्गमन' पर क्लिक करें।


क्लिक करने पर प्रमाण पत्र किस स्तर से बनाना है का option आयेगा। आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र अनुमंडल स्तर पर बनाने के लिये 'अनुमंडल स्तर पर' को चुनें। जैसे ही 'अनुमंडल स्तर पर' को क्लिक करेंगे एक नया पेज खुलेगा


जिसमें राजस्व अधिकारी स्तर(अंचल स्तर) से बना हुआ प्रमाण पत्र के संख्या को डालें एवं उसके नीचे अपना पुरा नाम डालकर नीचे Get details बटन पर क्लिक करें। Get details बटन पर क्लिक करने पर एक नया पेज खुलेगा जिसमें आवेदक का detail भरा होगा, उसी पेज में नीचे 'Issuers name at RO' के column में अंचल स्तर से प्राप्त प्रमाण पत्र में जिस अधिकारी का digital sign हुआ होगा, उसके नाम को इस column में भरना है, फिर  'Issuing date at RO' के column में अंचल स्तर से प्रमाण पत्र प्राप्ति तिथि डालना है। उसके बाद submit बटन पर क्लिक करें।


एक नया पेज open होगा जिसमें सबसे नीचे 'attach annexure' का option होगा, पर क्लिक करें।

अंचल स्तर से प्राप्त आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र एवं आधार कार्ड अपलोड करें एवं save option पर क्लिक करें एवं सबमिट करें।

पावती को डाउनलोड कर save कर लें।

इस तरह घर बैठे आनलाईन अनुमंडल स्तर से आवासीय प्रमाण पत्र के लिये आवेदन किया जा सकता है एवं प्राप्त किया जा सकता है।



Cyber Security

Cyber Risks

One of the essential components of our daily lives today is Internet. Most areas of our day to day activities are impacted. We digitally connect with a huge number of online people worldwide through the internet. Cyber risks are growing alarmingly quickly with the growth of online activity.  For illicit activity on the internet to be avoided or reduced, cyber security is essential.



What is Cyber Security?

The technique of protecting technological devices, computers, network, handheld devices, and records from unauthorised access is known as Cyber Security.


Commonly used techniques to subvert cyber security 

Cyber security issues which harm vital infrastructure come in multiple forms. Here are some tactics frequently used to undermine cyber security.

  • Malware:-Malware is a type of software used by cybercriminals to cause to damage to the computers of genuine users, making it one of the most prevalent cyber risks. Criminals may use malware in illegal cyber attacks or to steal money. It is typically spread by an unauthorised email links or download that looks authentic.
  • Ransomware:- This kind of malware encrypts data on computers after which demands money to unlock it.

  • Trojan:- Virus that conceals itself as reliable software. Trojan horses are harmful malware that harm computers or steal information. CyberCriminals trick users into downloading malicious software onto their PCs.

  • Phishing:- When cybercriminals transfer mail messages to their choosen victims that appear to be form a reliable company and ask for private data, this technique is known as Phishing. Persons are frequently tricked into providing debit card, credit card details and other private data by phishing attacks.

  • Click on links:- Convincing users of the internet to clicks on link that open up risky website or mistakenly reveal private data on various online platforms is known as this technique.

Cybercriminals target and harm people using several kinds of other comparable techniques.


Hints for Cyber Security 

  • Use antivirus software:- Use antivirus software that is up to date. Different type of malware can be automatically found and destroyed by antivirus software.

  • Update all software:- Maintain regular software and operating system updates. Updates frequently include fixes for existing vulnerabilities that hackers can take advantage of.

  • Avoid opening any file attachments in emails coming from unknown recepients and never clicks links in emails sent by  strange sites.

  • Use strong password:- Add a variety of characters, including symbols and numbers into your password to make them complicated.

  • Avoid using public Wi Fi.

  • Put screen locks, PINs or biometric logins to use to protect the device you are using and prevent unauthorised access.

Putting cyber security recommendation applied you could be shielded from virus, spyware, ransomware, loss of data brought on by hacking, and other threats.

Convert Pdf to Jpg/Image online

पढ़ें| 1952 से अबतक बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री की सूची

PDF to JPG

Two popular file types used for various reasons are PDF and JPG. JPGs are on of the finest format for photos, while PDFs are perfect for providing a form of text content.



For our different tasks, we need to convert a pdf (Portable Document Format) to jpg(Joint Photographic Experts Group)/image, which we use to embed photos in lectures, share photographs on online platforms, or make image based content out of PDF documents.

How to convert pdf to jpg online free

There are certain online platforms which provide free online PDF to JPG conversion without the use of specific softwares., smallpdf.com, ilovepdf.com, freepdfconvert.com, pdf2jpg.net etc.

Choose a reliable online PDF to JPG converter as a starting point. Enter the internet site of the converter into the address bar of your browser. In one example, go to www.smallpdf.com/pdf-to-jpg.

  • You can either click the "choose file" icon or drag and drop your PDF file into the appropriate space.

  • Click on "convert all pages" after placing the pdf file to the choosen place.

  • Then click "choose option"

  • Smallpdf will begin the conversion process after you click "choose option".


  • There will be a download link for the resulting JPG file after the conversion process is finished.


You succeeded in to change a PDF file to JPG pictures using an online platform converter.

Read More| What Is World Wide Web (WWW)?

The quality and resolution of the converted JPG image may vary depending on the initial PDF content and the conversion setting you choose. It is advised to investigate the modifying options provided by these online tools.

World Wide Web

 World Wide Web (WWW)


Web, also called the World Wide Web (WWW).

The World wide web was created in 1989 by British Scientist Tim Berners Lee. Tim Berners Lee demonstrated his concepts at CERN towards the end of 1990 when first web server and browser were operational. Tim Berners Lee published his WWW software in 1991. The source code for the world's first web browser and editor was made available by Tim Berners Lee on April, 30, 1993.


What is world wide web

    The World Wide Web is a sizable network of related publications and resources that may be accessed online. By clicking on embedded links, users can move from one document to another using the hypertext and hyperlink principles that underlie it.

    Internet browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, or Edge may access web pages, which are documents with text, graphics, multimedia, and hyperlinks.If you enter a URL  into the address bar of your web browser and then press Enter, your browser sends a request to the web server that is hosting the associated website. Your browser then renders the requested web page for you to view after the server has processed your request and returned it.


What are world wide web advantages 

    The Web allows for the connection and sharing of ideas between people from all countries and backgrounds, eradicating distance barriers and establishing a feeling of a world community. The Internet has completely changed how we purchase. We can purchase goods and services from anywhere in the world thanks to online marketplaces and e-commerce websites, which makes buying easier than ever..

There is now a substantial library of educational content available  online. Learning is now available to millions of individuals globally thanks to online courses, tutorials, and instructional content.

    Although it has enormous promise for knowledge dissemination and human connection, we must appropriately address its problems in order to provide a welcoming and safe online space for everyone.

Also Read| G20 शिखर सम्मेलन 2023

Doordarshan

When was DD National introduced?


Doordarshan is the official TV channel of India. It was started  on September 15, 1959. National telecasts (DD National) was introduced in 1982.  

It has played a significant role in determining how people consume information and entertainment in the nation and its cultural and social context. It began as a trial program in Delhi and over time grew to serve the entire nation.

The majority of Doordarshan's early programming, including its news, cultural programs, and dramas, were in black and white.Later, color broadcasting was introduced. It has served as a venue for presenting folk dances, classical music, traditional arts, and numerous local festivals.

Click to Read| What Is Terrace Gardening

Thousands of channels telecast different serials and programs on Doordarshan. Due to which our social and cultural traditions are also strengthened. These programs, which ranged from the mythological epics "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata" to family dramas like "Hum Log" and "Buniyaad," not only delighted their viewers but also imparted moral values and social lessons. Children's shows from the 1990s, such as "Malgudi Days," "Shaktimaan," and "Duck Tales," have left a lasting impression on generational group.

For many years, the news was reliably reported by Doordarshan.By doing so, news is guaranteed to spread throughout India.Its content is now available online as a result of its evolution to digital platforms over time.

A direct to home service called DD Free Dish was introduced, enabling users to access a large number of channels without paying a monthly fee. 

Doordarshan has been essential in influencing public opinion, providing information at crucial times, and promoting harmony among many communities. Doordarshan has constantly provided a forum for public conversation, whether it be by airing national events like Independence Day celebrations or addressing societal issues through films.

Click to Read| 1952 से बिहार के मुख्यमंत्री की सूची,कार्यकाल, एवं राजनीतिक दल


Online Apply Caste, Residence & Income Certificate in Bihar

अंचल स्तर से जाति, आवासीय, आय प्रमाण पत्र के लिये online आवेदन कैसे करें ‌(बिहार)

बिहार सरकार द्वारा जाति, आवासीय, एवं आय प्रमाण पत्र बनाने के लिये आनलाईन सुविधा शुरू किया गया है। अब घर से ही कम्प्यूटर, मोबाईल द्वारा इन सभी प्रमाण पत्र के लिये आनलाईन आवेदन किया जा सकता है एवं प्राप्त भी किया जा सकता है।

आवेदन की प्रक्रिया बहुत आसान है। जाति प्रमाण पत्र  आवेदन करने से पुर्व आवेदक के फोटो की आवश्यकता होगी जिसे आनलाईन आवेदन करते समय अपलोड किया जाना जरुरी है। आवेदक का एक पासपोर्ट साइज फोटो जिसमें आवेदक का हस्ताक्षर हो एवं ऐसा कोई दस्तावेज जिसमें आवेदक के पिता के जाति का उल्लेख किया गया हो (जैसे जमीन का पेपर), आवेदक का आधार कार्ड एवं आवेदक के पिता का आधार कार्ड इत्यादि।


Online आवेदन की प्रक्रिया

आवेदन करने के लिये अपने कम्प्यूटर या मोबाईल में Google में serviceonline.bih.gov.in type करें, इस पेज के open होने के बाद लोक सेवाओं का अधिकार की सेवाएं में "सामान्य प्रशासन विभाग" पर click करें। अब जाति प्रमाण पत्र के आवेदन के लिये " जाति प्रमाण पत्र का निर्गमन अंचल स्तर पर" पर click करें।




एक नया पेज open होगा जिसमें आवेदक द्वारा अपने सभी details को भरना है साथ ही मोबाईल नम्बर एवं ईमेल आइडी भी जरुर भरे। आवेदक अपने फोटो पर हस्ताक्षर कर अपलोड करेंगे एवं सभी जानकारी भरेंगे। आधार नम्बर का का‌ॅलम खाली छोड़ दें। अंत में proceed पर click करें।

अब दिये गये सभी जानकारी की जांच कर लें एवं आवेदक स्वयं का आधार कार्ड एवं पिता का आधार कार्ड एवं जाति संबंधित दस्तावेज (जमीन का पेपर) को merge कर अपलोड कर दे एवं submit बटन पर click करें।

इस तरह जाति प्रमाण पत्र के लिये आवेदन submit हो जायेगा। पावती को डाउनलोड कर भविष्य के लिये संभाल कर रखें।

Read More

Bihar's Invaluable Role In Education, Literature, Art And Culture|शिक्षा, साहित्य, कला एवं संस्कृति में बिहार की अमूल्य भूमिका

शिक्षा, साहित्य, कला एवं संस्कृति में बिहार की अमूल्य भूमिका  बिहार जनसंख्या के हिसाब से तीसरा सबसे बड़ा और क्षेत्रफल की दृष्टि से 12वां सब...